Mineral water, tiles and roof tiles, an important part of the energy consumed, the clay used to make ceramics, the granite that builds buildings and houses, the roads and bridges we drive on, the aggregates and metals used to make construction materials... and a long etcetera. Everything depends on the elements of mining. We discuss the importance of the sector in Galicia, as well as its challenges for the future, with Juan José López Muñoz, president of the Official Mining Chamber of Galicia.

What are the tasks of the Official Mining Chamber of Galicia?

The Official Mining Chamber of Galicia (COMG) represents the interests of the mining industry in Galicia, which includes more than 200 companies, to which it also advises on innovation, sustainability, training and regulations. The COMG acts as a nexus and loudspeaker of this industry with other sectors, governmental bodies and society in general, creating an environment of trust, collaboration and transparency.

Galicia represents 8.2% of Spain's mining production and contributes a turnover of 280 million euros per year to the community. What are the strengths of the sector?

Our community remains at the top of mining production and employment thanks to several factors, starting with the diversity of mineral resources that our land has: natural stone, aggregates, industrial and metallic minerals, without forgetting the waters.

This wealth provided a solid foundation for centuries to develop a mining tradition rooted in our rural areas that cultivated a deep knowledge of the subsoil and drove the adoption of advanced technologies in the extraction and processing of minerals. Technological innovation became a fundamental point, improving operational efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. In addition, the logistical infrastructure we have through roads and ports facilitates the competitiveness of the sector.

What role does mining play as an ally of other strategic sectors for Galicia and as a guarantor of the transformation of the current energy model?

Mining is the first cog in the wheel of essential sectors such as construction, manufacturing and technology. From granite used in infrastructure to metals, which are critical in the manufacture of electronics, mining is a vital component in the supply chain.

Mining is also at the forefront of developing sustainable technologies by providing critical minerals for industry, manufacturing devices such as solar panels and storage batteries. This approach contributes directly to the transition to a more sustainable energy model.

In terms of energy efficiency, mining drives innovation by adopting advanced technologies in its own operations. This commitment to sustainability sets standards that can inspire energy efficiency in other sectors.

Where should Galician mining move towards in terms of sustainability?

Galician mining is moving decisively towards more sustainable practices, demonstrating a commitment to environmental and social responsibility to ensure long-term positive impacts. Clean energy, water efficiency, carbon footprint reduction, recycling of materials, use of tailings, ecological restoration... are concepts that the mining industry applies on a daily basis.

Sustainability is not only about the environment. It also promotes community participation and transparency, as well as the generation of wealth and employment opportunities that contribute to social sustainability.

Finally, the pursuit of internationally recognized certifications underscores the commitment of Galician mining to sustainable practices. These collective efforts are positioning Galician mining as a leading player in sustainability, being the Spanish community with the most companies certified in the UNE 22480 standard for Sustainable Mining Management.

In collaboration with the Xunta, the Office for the Promotion of European Projects has just been created. What are its objectives?

The OIPE was created under the framework of the Agenda for the Promotion of Sustainable Mining in Galicia with the aim of providing services, support and advice to both the Public Administration and companies in the mining sector in attracting different lines of European funding in the field of R+D+i. The ultimate goal is to achieve a more modern and competitive sector. The first steps are being very positive, linking the Galician innovative ecosystem, developed in the environment of the Galician Innovation Agency, and the mining industry, formed mainly by SMEs.

Through SmartMin Tech, the Xunta is committed to the integral transformation of the sector through the search for innovative solutions by means of Innovative Public Procurement. What are the main challenges of the mining sector in terms of R&D?

The implementation of automation and digitalization systems is another crucial challenge. This requires the application of artificial intelligence techniques, big data, machine learning and advanced control systems to improve efficiency and safety in mining operations and, of course, the systematic investigation of resource presence.

The management of mine tailings also represents a major challenge, with the need to develop innovative and sustainable methods to reuse them, promote recycling and minimize environmental impacts. Restoration with these objectives in mind is in demand by the industry.

And, of course, administrative simplification through the use of data management techniques, digitization of files to enable agile and appropriate administrative management, and constant adaptation to changing environmental and social regulations is also a major challenge, as well as investment in training and development of talent in the sector to ensure professionals trained to implement new technologies and address emerging challenges.